{
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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1afdb476",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# JSON-Beispiel\n",
    "\n",
    "JSON (kurz für _JavaScript Object Notation_) hat sich zu einem der Standardformate für die Übermittlung von Daten per HTTP-Anfrage zwischen Webbrowsern und anderen Anwendungen entwickelt. Hier ist ein Beispiel:\n",
    "\n",
    "JSON ähnelt Python-Code, mit Ausnahme des Nullwerts `null` und dem Verbot von Kommas am Ende von Listen. Die Grundtypen sind Objekte (Dicts), Arrays (Listen), Zeichenketten, Zahlen, Boolesche Werte und `null`. Alle Schlüssel eines Objekts müssen Zeichenketten sein. Es gibt mehrere Python-Bibliotheken zum Lesen und Schreiben von JSON-Daten. Ich werde hier [json](https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html) aus der Python-Standardbibliothek verwenden. Um einen JSON-String in die Python-Form zu konvertieren, verwende ich `json.loads`:"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "8b16f258",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'Titel': 'Python basics', 'Sprache': 'en', 'Autor*innen': 'Veit Schiele', 'Lizenz': 'BSD-3-Clause', 'Veröffentlichungsdatum': '2021-10-28'}\n",
      "{'Titel': 'Jupyter Tutorial', 'Sprache': 'en', 'Autor*innen': 'Veit Schiele', 'Lizenz': 'BSD-3-Clause', 'Veröffentlichungsdatum': '2019-06-27'}\n",
      "{'Titel': 'Jupyter Tutorial', 'Sprache': 'de', 'Autor*innen': 'Veit Schiele', 'Lizenz': 'BSD-3-Clause', 'Veröffentlichungsdatum': '2020-10-26'}\n",
      "{'Titel': 'PyViz Tutorial', 'Sprache': 'en', 'Autor*innen': 'Veit Schiele', 'Lizenz': 'BSD-3-Clause', 'Veröffentlichungsdatum': '2020-04-13'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import json\n",
    "\n",
    "from pathlib import Path\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "with Path.open(\"books.json\") as f:\n",
    "    data = json.load(f)\n",
    "\n",
    "    for i in data:\n",
    "        print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ddf08f2d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "[json.dumps](https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#json.dumps) hingegen konvertiert ein Python-Objekt zurück nach JSON:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "6e4413b5",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'[{\"Titel\": \"Python basics\", \"Sprache\": \"en\", \"Autor*innen\": \"Veit Schiele\", \"Lizenz\": \"BSD-3-Clause\", \"Ver\\\\u00f6ffentlichungsdatum\": \"2021-10-28\"}, {\"Titel\": \"Jupyter Tutorial\", \"Sprache\": \"en\", \"Autor*innen\": \"Veit Schiele\", \"Lizenz\": \"BSD-3-Clause\", \"Ver\\\\u00f6ffentlichungsdatum\": \"2019-06-27\"}, {\"Titel\": \"Jupyter Tutorial\", \"Sprache\": \"de\", \"Autor*innen\": \"Veit Schiele\", \"Lizenz\": \"BSD-3-Clause\", \"Ver\\\\u00f6ffentlichungsdatum\": \"2020-10-26\"}, {\"Titel\": \"PyViz Tutorial\", \"Sprache\": \"en\", \"Autor*innen\": \"Veit Schiele\", \"Lizenz\": \"BSD-3-Clause\", \"Ver\\\\u00f6ffentlichungsdatum\": \"2020-04-13\"}]'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "json.dumps(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9be93ffb",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Wie ihr ein JSON-Objekt oder eine Liste von Objekten in einen DataFrame oder eine andere Datenstruktur für die Analyse konvertiert, bleibt euch überlassen. Praktischerweise könnt ihr eine Liste von Dicts (die zuvor JSON-Objekte waren) an den DataFrame-Konstruktor übergeben:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "5262a183",
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   "outputs": [
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       "<div>\n",
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       "\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Titel</th>\n",
       "      <th>Sprache</th>\n",
       "      <th>Autor*innen</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lizenz</th>\n",
       "      <th>Veröffentlichungsdatum</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Python basics</td>\n",
       "      <td>en</td>\n",
       "      <td>Veit Schiele</td>\n",
       "      <td>BSD-3-Clause</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-10-28</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jupyter Tutorial</td>\n",
       "      <td>en</td>\n",
       "      <td>Veit Schiele</td>\n",
       "      <td>BSD-3-Clause</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-27</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jupyter Tutorial</td>\n",
       "      <td>de</td>\n",
       "      <td>Veit Schiele</td>\n",
       "      <td>BSD-3-Clause</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-10-26</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>PyViz Tutorial</td>\n",
       "      <td>en</td>\n",
       "      <td>Veit Schiele</td>\n",
       "      <td>BSD-3-Clause</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-04-13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              Titel Sprache   Autor*innen        Lizenz Veröffentlichungsdatum\n",
       "0     Python basics      en  Veit Schiele  BSD-3-Clause             2021-10-28\n",
       "1  Jupyter Tutorial      en  Veit Schiele  BSD-3-Clause             2019-06-27\n",
       "2  Jupyter Tutorial      de  Veit Schiele  BSD-3-Clause             2020-10-26\n",
       "3    PyViz Tutorial      en  Veit Schiele  BSD-3-Clause             2020-04-13"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "df = pd.DataFrame(data)\n",
    "\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0094405a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "[pandas.read_json](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.read_json.html) kann JSON-Datensätze in bestimmten Anordnungen automatisch in eine Serie oder einen DataFrame umwandeln, z.B.:"
   ]
  },
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   "execution_count": 4,
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    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Titel</th>\n",
       "      <th>Sprache</th>\n",
       "      <th>Autor*innen</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lizenz</th>\n",
       "      <th>Veröffentlichungsdatum</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Python basics</td>\n",
       "      <td>en</td>\n",
       "      <td>Veit Schiele</td>\n",
       "      <td>BSD-3-Clause</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-10-28</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jupyter Tutorial</td>\n",
       "      <td>en</td>\n",
       "      <td>Veit Schiele</td>\n",
       "      <td>BSD-3-Clause</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019-06-27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Jupyter Tutorial</td>\n",
       "      <td>de</td>\n",
       "      <td>Veit Schiele</td>\n",
       "      <td>BSD-3-Clause</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-10-26</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>PyViz Tutorial</td>\n",
       "      <td>en</td>\n",
       "      <td>Veit Schiele</td>\n",
       "      <td>BSD-3-Clause</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020-04-13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              Titel Sprache   Autor*innen        Lizenz Veröffentlichungsdatum\n",
       "0     Python basics      en  Veit Schiele  BSD-3-Clause             2021-10-28\n",
       "1  Jupyter Tutorial      en  Veit Schiele  BSD-3-Clause             2019-06-27\n",
       "2  Jupyter Tutorial      de  Veit Schiele  BSD-3-Clause             2020-10-26\n",
       "3    PyViz Tutorial      en  Veit Schiele  BSD-3-Clause             2020-04-13"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.read_json(\"books.json\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ada282c9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Die Standardoptionen für `pandas.read_json` gehen davon aus, dass jedes Objekt im JSON-Array eine Zeile in der Tabelle ist."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "07c9235e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Wenn ihr Daten aus pandas in JSON exportieren wollt, könnt ihr [pandas.DataFrame.to_json](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.to_json.html) verwenden:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "8899e9b2",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T08:12:45.560863Z",
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     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T08:12:45.562962Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T08:12:45.562727Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-22T08:12:45.560855Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{\"Titel\":{\"0\":\"Python basics\",\"1\":\"Jupyter Tutorial\",\"2\":\"Jupyter Tutorial\",\"3\":\"PyViz Tutorial\"},\"Sprache\":{\"0\":\"en\",\"1\":\"en\",\"2\":\"de\",\"3\":\"en\"},\"Autor*innen\":{\"0\":\"Veit Schiele\",\"1\":\"Veit Schiele\",\"2\":\"Veit Schiele\",\"3\":\"Veit Schiele\"},\"Lizenz\":{\"0\":\"BSD-3-Clause\",\"1\":\"BSD-3-Clause\",\"2\":\"BSD-3-Clause\",\"3\":\"BSD-3-Clause\"},\"Ver\\u00f6ffentlichungsdatum\":{\"0\":\"2021-10-28\",\"1\":\"2019-06-27\",\"2\":\"2020-10-26\",\"3\":\"2020-04-13\"}}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(df.to_json())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "4fa999eb",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T08:12:45.564193Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T08:12:45.564115Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T08:12:45.565860Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T08:12:45.565636Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-22T08:12:45.564186Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[{\"Titel\":\"Python basics\",\"Sprache\":\"en\",\"Autor*innen\":\"Veit Schiele\",\"Lizenz\":\"BSD-3-Clause\",\"Ver\\u00f6ffentlichungsdatum\":\"2021-10-28\"},{\"Titel\":\"Jupyter Tutorial\",\"Sprache\":\"en\",\"Autor*innen\":\"Veit Schiele\",\"Lizenz\":\"BSD-3-Clause\",\"Ver\\u00f6ffentlichungsdatum\":\"2019-06-27\"},{\"Titel\":\"Jupyter Tutorial\",\"Sprache\":\"de\",\"Autor*innen\":\"Veit Schiele\",\"Lizenz\":\"BSD-3-Clause\",\"Ver\\u00f6ffentlichungsdatum\":\"2020-10-26\"},{\"Titel\":\"PyViz Tutorial\",\"Sprache\":\"en\",\"Autor*innen\":\"Veit Schiele\",\"Lizenz\":\"BSD-3-Clause\",\"Ver\\u00f6ffentlichungsdatum\":\"2020-04-13\"}]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(df.to_json(orient=\"records\"))"
   ]
  }
 ],
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   "language": "python",
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